Introduction:
Bihu, the cultural heartbeat of Assam, encompasses a trilogy of festivals, each with its unique significance and rituals. The Bihu festivals, namely Rongali, Kongali, and Bhogali, weave together the diverse cultural influences of Tibeto-Barman, Austroasiatic, and Indo-Aryan traditions. This celebration is not merely a series of events; it's a reflection of Assamese identity, connecting communities and generations through the threads of joy, harvest, and reverence.
Historical Roots:
The roots of Bihu are deep-seated in the indigenous culture of Assam, with its name derived from the Deori word "Bisu," meaning "excessive joy." The original form of Bihu has persisted among various ethnic groups, such as the Chutias, Sonowal Kacharis, Thengal Kacharis, and Deoris. Legends, like the story of Bordoisila, daughter of the Earth, and the copperplate inscription of King Lakshminarayan, provide glimpses into the historical significance of Bihu in the social fabric of Assam.
Contributions from Different Cultures:
Bihu is a beautiful amalgamation of cultural contributions. The Ahom kings, especially Rudra Singha, played a pivotal role in patronizing and celebrating Bihu. The Indo-Aryans, with their astronomical prowess, contributed to the Sanskritization of Bihu, aligning it with the Visuvan day and incorporating it into the larger Indian festival calendar.
The Three Bihu Festivals:
Bohag Bihu (Rongali Bihu):
Significance: Marks the Assamese New Year and the arrival of spring.
Traditions: Cattle worship, cleaning and worshiping of household gods, and vibrant Bihu dances.
Celebrations: Seven days of festivities, each with specific rituals, including Goru Bihu, Manuh Bihu, and Husori.
Kongali Bihu (Kati Bihu):
Atmosphere: Somber and solemn, reflecting a period of short supplies.
Traditions: Lighting earthen lamps to protect crops, reciting chants to ward off pests, and feeding special rice items to cattle.
Bhogali Bihu (Magh Bihu):
Significance: Harvest festival, marking the end of the harvesting season.
Traditions: Building makeshift cottages (Bhelaghar), community feasting, burning bonfires (Meji), and traditional sports.
Unique Practices: Night-long celebrations (Uruka), throwing Pithas and betel nuts into the Meji, and sports like Buffalo-fight and Cock-fight.
Instruments Used in Bihu:
The vibrant Bihu celebrations are accompanied by the rhythmic beats of traditional instruments like Dhol, Taal, Pepa, Baanhi, and others, creating a harmonious atmosphere that resonates with the spirit of the festival.
Bihu Beyond Borders:
Bihu is not confined to the borders of Assam; it resonates globally. Associations like the London Bihu Committee (LBC) in the UK exemplify how the Assamese diaspora celebrates Bihu with enthusiasm, keeping the cultural flame alive.
Conclusion:
Bihu, with its rich history, cultural diversity, and dynamic celebrations, stands as a testament to the cultural vibrancy of Assam. Beyond being a series of festivals, Bihu is a living tradition that connects the people of Assam to their roots, fostering unity and joy across communities and generations.
